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As of 2013, about 3,106 living and fossil termite species have been recognised, categorized in 12 families. The infraorder Isoptera is split into the following clade and household groups, showing the subfamilies in their respective classification:26

Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is reduced in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, in which over 400 species are known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently categorized, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are extremely abundant in certain regions.

Within China, termite species have been restricted to moderate tropical and subtropical habitats south of the Yangtze River.34 In Australia, all ecological groups of termites (dampwood, drywood, subterranean) are endemic to the country, with over 360 categorized species.34.

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As a result of their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cool or cold habitats.36 There are three ecological forms of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous forests, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites reside in widely diverse areas.34 One species in the drywood group is that the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which is an invasive species in Australia.37.

Termites are generally small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59 in) in length.34 The largest of extant termites are the queens of those species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring up to over 10 centimetres (4 in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, thrived in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0 in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).39note 1.

Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind because they do not have a set of eyes. However, some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, haveCompound eyes which they use for orientation and to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.

Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of taste, touch, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three primary segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (usually shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.

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Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of the termite thorax consists of 3 segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs. On alates, additional info the wings are at the mesothorax and metathorax. Even the mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .

Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with 2 plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a pair of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is official source elongated. The reproductive organs are similar to people in cockroaches but are more simplified. By way of example, the intromittent organ is not present in male alates, and the sperm is either immotile or aflagellate.

Unlike in other termites, Mastotermitidae females possess an ovipositor, a characteristic strikingly similar to that in female cockroaches.48.

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The non-reproductive castes of termites are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a brief amount of time, and therefore they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is similar in each and every caste, her comment is here but the soldiers have larger and thicker legs.

The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg varies. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which is present in species which climb on smooth surfaces but is absent in many termites.49.

Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equivalent length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor flyers; their technique is to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies indicate that in comparison to larger termites, smaller vases cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to the body.51.

Caste system of termites A King B Queen C Secondary queen D Tertiary queen Soccer Soldiers F Worker

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Worker termites undertake the maximum labour within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Employees are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are consequently the most likely caste to be found in infested wood. The procedure for worker termites feeding other nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.